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Health Hazard Evaluations (HHEs)

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All NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation reports and other NIOSH publications are available at no cost. You can either download a copy of the publication from the website or contact us for a copy. For HHE reports, please send an email to HHERequestHelp@cdc.gov. Information about all other NIOSH publications is available at https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/pubs/.

We carefully review our reports prior to publication, but we do make errors from time to time. We regret any typographical or other minor errors that you might find. If you find a substantive factual or data-related error, let us know. Please send an email to HHERequestHelp@cdc.gov with the report number (ex. HHE 2013-0500-7500), the authors' names, the error you are reporting, and the page number of the error. We will look into your comments, fix confirmed errors, and repost the report. Thank you for your interest in the HHE Program.

HHE Search Results

474 HHE reports were found based on your search terms. Reports are listed in order of year published with the most recently published reports listed first.


Year Published and Title

(2024) Exposure to lead during bullet recycling. (Click to open report)
Management of a lead bullet recycling company requested a health hazard evaluation to evaluate lead exposure among employees processing lead-containing bullets. We visited the facility on two occasions and completed the following activities: observed work processes, practices, and conditions; measured employees' lead exposure in air and throughout the facility; collected wipe samples for lead on surfaces outside of the warehouse; interviewed employees to learn about work history, health and safe... (Click to show more)

(2024) First responders' biological monitoring results after Maui County Hawaii wildfires. (Click to open report)
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) received technical assistance requests from Maui County and the Hawai'i National Guard through a mission assignment from the Federal Emergency Management Agency to evaluate first responders' exposures to chemicals and inorganic elements during the 2023 Maui Wildfires. We visited Maui County and the Maui County Fire Department in September 2023 to evaluate potential chemical and inorganic elements exposures in firefighters and othe... (Click to show more)

(2024) Mercury and noise exposure at a lightbulb recycler. (Click to open report)
Management at an electronics waste and lamp recycling facility requested a health hazard evaluation concerning employees' exposure to mercury, lead, and noise. During our two visits, we observed work processes, practices, and conditions, measured employees' exposure to mercury in air and the amount of mercury in employees' urine; interviewed employees to learn about work history and practices, health and safety concerns, personal protective equipment use, training, and possible work-related heal... (Click to show more)

(2023) Exposures to styrene during ultraviolet cured-in-place pipe installation. (Click to open report)
In October 2017, the Health Hazard Evaluation Program of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) received a request from the management of an ultraviolet cured-in-place pipe installer regarding styrene exposures at the worksites. The request sought to determine whether exposures were controlled using current practices and identify areas for improvement. We conducted an initial visit during February 5-6, 2018, and performed preliminary sampling at one site per day. We co... (Click to show more)

(2023) Symptoms among above-wing uniformed airline employees. (Click to open report)
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) received multiple confidential employee requests for a health hazard evaluation at a commercial airline. Employees were concerned about health effects they associated with their new, mandatory uniforms. The requestors also reported that many employees were hesitant to formally report health and safety problems related to the uniform to airline management for fear of being removed from their work assignments. Our evaluation consist... (Click to show more)

(2022) Whole-body vibration analysis of golf course maintenance tasks. (Click to open report)
The Health Hazard Evaluation Program received a request from golf course management concerning maintenance employees' exposure to whole-body vibration. Employees reported pain or discomfort in their lower back, shoulders, neck, and knees, which they thought was related to excessive whole-body vibration while doing certain work tasks. We visited the golf course to learn more about health concerns and to measure whole-body vibration exposures. During our site visit, we observed work processes, wor... (Click to show more)

(2021) Exposure to lead during residential water line replacement activities. (Click to open report)
The Health Hazard Evaluation (HHE) Program received a request from the employer of a city water department concerning lead exposure among crews replacing lead water lines servicing residential homes. This occurred after two employees received blood tests indicating elevated lead levels. In response to these findings, the employer implemented some measures to minimize lead exposures among employees and submitted an HHE request. In response to this request, we conducted confidential medical interv... (Click to show more)

(2021) Exposures to metals and a perceived excess of cancer cases in a train maintenance facility. (Click to open report)
The Health Hazard Evaluation Program received a request from a union at a train maintenance facility concerning employee exposure to metals and a perceived excess of cancer. We visited the facility twice and focused our evaluation on first shift employees working in six shops (truck, wheel, motor, electronics, contactor, and tin) that worked on different maintenance and repair tasks. We observed work processes, work practices, and conditions; spoke informally to employees in each shop about heal... (Click to show more)

(2019) Exposure to metals and flame retardants at an electronics recycling company. (Click to open report)
The Health Hazard Evaluation Program received a request from an electronics recycling company. The managers were concerned about exposure to metals and flame retardants, as well as ergonomic stressors and hazardous levels of noise. We observed work operations, practices, and conditions; collected air, surface wipe, hand wipe, blood, and urine samples for metals and flame retardants; took sound level measurements; and assessed possible ergonomic hazards. Employees at this electronics recycling co... (Click to show more)

(2019) Exposures to metals and flame retardants at an electronics recycling company. (Click to open report)
The Health Hazard Evaluation Program received a request from an electronics recycling company. The managers were concerned about exposure to metals and flame retardants while recycling electronics. Our evaluation included collecting air, handwipe, and blood samples for flame retardants and metals. We also collected urine samples to evaluate flame retardant exposure. We found some flame retardants typically associated with electronics in the air, on employees' hands, in their blood, and in their ... (Click to show more)


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