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 1 Stressful psychosocial work environment increases risk for back pain among retail material handlers
Authors Johnston-J; Landsittel-D; Nelson-N; Gardner-L; Wassell-J 
Source Am J Ind Med 2003 Feb; 43(2):179-187 
Link http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/102526646/abstract 
NIOSHTIC No. 20022304 
AbstractBack pain is a major source of lost work time. Occupational physical activity only accounts for a fraction of low back pain; therefore, there is growing interest in investigating other possible causes of back pain including the psychosocial work environment. Material handlers (N = 6,311) in 160 newly opened stores were interviewed at study entry and approximately 6 months later. Factor analysis was used to reduce the 37 psychosocial questionnaire items to seven distinct factors. After adjusting for history of back problems and work-related lifting, risk of back pain was moderately increased among employees who reported high job intensity demands (odds ratio (OR) = 1.8), job dissatisfaction (OR = 1.7), and high job scheduling demands (OR = 1.6). Modification of the psychosocial work environment for material handlers in large retail stores may help reduce back pain among employees. 
KeywordsBack-injuries; Occupational-psychology; Occupational-sociology; Stress; Musculoskeletal-system; Ergonomics; Materials-handling 
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