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Comparative pulmonary toxicity of 6 abrasive blasting agents.

Authors

Hubbs-AF; Minhas-NS; Jones-W; Greskevitch-M; Battelli-LA; Porter-DW; Goldsmith-WT; Frazer-D; Landsittel-DP; Ma-JYC; Barger-M; Hill-K; Schwegler-Berry-D; Robinson-VA; Castranova-V

Source

Toxicol Sci 2001 May; 61(1):135-143

Link

http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/61.1.135 

NIOSHTIC No.

20021759 

Abstract

Inhalation of silica dust is associated with pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, substitute abrasive materials have been suggested for use in abrasive blasting operations. To date, toxicological evaluation of most substitute abrasives has been incomplete. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the pulmonary toxicity of a set of substitute abrasives (garnet, staurolite, coal slag, specular hematite, and treated sand) to that of blasting sand. Rats were exposed to blasting sand or an abrasive substitute by intratracheal instillation and pulmonary responses to exposure were monitored 4 weeks postexposure. Pulmonary damage was monitored as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the acellular lavage fluid. Pulmonary inflammation was evaluated from the yield of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. The activity of alveolar macrophages was determined by measuring zymosan-stimulated chemiluminescence. Blasting sand caused lung damage and showed histologic evidence for inflammation and fibrosis. Garnet, staurolite, and treated sand exhibited toxicity and inflammation that were similar to blasting sand, while coal slag caused greater pulmonary damage and inflammation than blasting sand. In contrast, specular hematite did not significantly elevate LDH or PMN levels and did not stimulate macrophage activity 4 weeks postexposure.

Keywords

Toxins; Toxic-effects; Silica-dusts; Silicates; Fibrosis; Pulmonary-system-disorders; Respiratory-system-disorders; Abrasive-blasting; Abrasives; Exposure-assessment; Laboratory-animals; Animals; Animal-studies; Quartz-dust; Coal-dust; Lung-disorders; Lung-fibrosis

Contact

PPRB, HELD, NIOSH, CDC, M/S 2015, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505

CODEN

TOSCF2

CAS No.

14808-60-7; 1345-25-1

Publication Date

20010501

Document Type

Journal Article

Email Address

afh0@cdc.gov

Fiscal Year

2001

NTIS Accession No.

NTIS Price

Issue of Publication

1

ISSN

1096-6080

NIOSH Division

HELD

Source Name

Toxicological Sciences

State

WV