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1	Intervention Factors for Promoting Adjustment to Nightwork and Shiftwork
Authors	Rosa-RR; Bonnet-MH; Bootzin-RR; Eastman-CI; Monk-T; Penn-PE; Tepas-DI; Walsh-JK
Source	Occup Med: State of the Art Rev 1990 Apr;5(2):391-415
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NIOSHTIC No.	00198170
Abstract	Intervention factors for promoting adjustment to nightwork and shiftwork were examined. The physiological and behavioral factors which were considered for possible control and manipulation to reduce fatigue and enhance alertness included: work schedule design such as shift rotation factors and compressed workweeks; rest sleep scheduling during shiftwork including prophylactic naps, replacement, and maintenance naps; environmental stimuli including ambient temperature and bright light; physical activity and conditioning including time of day of work, length of work period, and the physical condition of workers; pharmacological aids such as prescription sedative hypnotics and their effects on daytime sleep, and nocturnal alertness; over the counter sedative hypnotics; side effects and abuse potential of sedative hypnotics; prescription central nervous system stimulants; pharmacological manipulation of the circadian sleep wake cycle; diet including changes in eating and drinking behavior, and manipulating eating and drinking behavior; and individual behavioral techniques. The authors conclude that the relative merits of the described interventions need to be considered and a balance observed between their effectiveness at improving safety, health, and well being and their practicality.
Keywords	NIOSH-Author; Circadian-rhythms; Occupational-health; Worker-health; Occupational-medicine; Shift-work; Shift-workers; Biological-rhythms; Sleep-deprivation; Coping-behavior; Work-operations; Physiological-fatigue;

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